5 Multimedia oriented ePublishing
Presentation Podcast: create a Podcast and explain us the process
Presentation YouTube: submit a movie and explain us the process
Presentation Google Earth: submit a description and/or picture and explain us the process
Psycholinguistics is concerned about “the study of mental processes involved in language production, language comprehension and language acquisition, as well as the relation between language, thought, and culture.”
Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, http://www.mpi.nl/ accessed 25 Oct 2007.
In translation we are converting meaning (thought) from the language of one culture into the language of another culture.
Axiom: Culture defines meaning and language
Problem: Culture determines meaning and language
Meaning1 <= Culture1 => Language1
Meaning2 <= Culture2 => Language2
Solution: Find the language that reflects the same meaning in the other culture.
Equate meaning: Meaning1 = Meaning2
Culture1and Culture2 are known
Language1is known
Language2 for which we have to solve the equation
Method: If we can quantify meaning, we can create meaning-equivalent language translations
Language1 => Meaning1 = Meaning2 => Language2
Sources
The Problem of language equivalent translations of behavior prescriptions in international corporations:
· Schneider, Andreas. 2002. "Computer Simulation of Behavior Prescriptions in Multi-cultural Corporations." Organization Studies 23: 105-131.
Basic understanding of cultural categories of meaning and its qualitative and quantitative operationalization:
· Schneider, Andreas and Alden E. Roberts. 2005. “Classification and the Relations of Meaning.” Quality & Quantity 38,5:547-557.
The mathematical operationalization of a theoretical model of interaction. Important here: switching between the mathematical/empirical and the qualitative/linguistic description of evolving event structures:
· Schneider, Andreas and David R. Heise. 1995. Simulating Symbolic Interaction. Journal of Mathematical Sociology 20: 271-287.
The idea for a cultural meaning –processor that allows for culture-equivalent translations.
· Shuuichrou Ike, Herman W. Smith and Andreas Schneider. 2007. “An Analytic Frame of Affective Meanings Using Affect Control Theory.“ Journal of Natural Language Processing 14 (3):99-115 (in Japanese)
Every cultural concept has a cognitive and affective component.
Cognitions are represented in language.
The affective meaning can be measured quantitatively in each culture.
Three Scales with two to three qualifiers
Evaluation: good, nice - bad, awful
Potency: big, powerful - little, powerless
Activity: fast, young, noisy - slow, old, quiet
“Since there are culture-specific systematic differences in the affective representation of symbolic meaning
our affective reaction to identical language concepts will differ cross-culturally.
The translation of natural language into affective responses can eliminate those cross-cultural misunderstandings.”
Shuuichrou, Smith, and Schneider 2007
Dynamic equivalence or functional equivalence,
· conveys the essential thought or meaning,
· sometimes at the expense of literality.
Formal equivalence
· Sought via literal translation
· Word for word or "verbum pro verbo"
Transparency
· True to the target culture.
· Figurative or idiomatic translation.
Fidelity
· The extent to which the translation accurately reflects the literal source text.
· Defines a “faithful translation.”
Instructions for your your Project Task 2: Translation
Disclaimer: The documents linked to other sources on the WWW, others than http://www2.tltc.ttu.edu/Schneider2/ and its subdirectories, do not necessarily express the views of Texas Tech University, Université Paris X, or Dr. Schneider. @Copyright 2007 Dr. Andreas Schneider