I. Culture versus Structure in Socialization
Culture structures interaction
1. Culture provides values
· general ideas
2. Culture provides norms
· less general than values
· enforced by positive and negative sanctions
· laws are written norms established by an elite
3. Culture provides roles
· normative expectations to the behavior of a specific category of people
What is the difference between culture and social structure?
Culture: pattern of perception, thinking, or feeling
Social Structure: pattern of social behavior
Cultural explanation of social structure:
|
Values Norms Roles |
― influence → |
socially patterned behavior |
Structural explanation of culture:
|
Values Norms Roles |
← influence ― |
socially patterned behavior |
· values
· norms
· roles
↓
↑
Social Structure: Behavior Patterns
II. Biological versus Cultural Factors in Early Socialization
Early Socialization
Preconditions for Socialization
· biological inheritance (nature)
· environment (nurture)
o interaction with individuals
o culture structures interaction
o agents of socialization institutionalize interaction
Biological factors limit socialization
· Biological inheritance (e.g. deficiencies)
· Maturation (age)
|
Social ↓
------- Biological ↓ Individual
|
Social Biological
↓ ↓
Individual |
Social →Biological ←
↓ ↓
Individual |
|
Social factors determine the socialization of the individual.
However, biological factors limit socialization. |
Social and biological factors determine the socialization of the individual. |
In their socialization of the individual social and biological factors are interdependent. |
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