The Mongols and the Rise of Moscow  

1. THE MONGOLS AND RUSSIA

a. Devastation in South, Southwest
b. Fear in North, Northeast
c. People withdrew to forests

1. Forest becomes symbol of Old Russia

d. Mongol capitol in Sarai

1. Mongols appointed Russian princes
2. Russian princes traveled to Sarai
3. Mongols collected tribute
4. Russians had to serve in Mongol army

e. Mongols ruled from 1240-1480

2. EFFECT OF MONGOL RULE

a. Russia cut off and isolated from Byzantium/West
b. "Grim struggle for survival"
c. National need to be organized

1. Reason for autocracy?

d. Money (den'gi) comes from Mongolian
e. Mongols did not persecute the Church
f. Literature: Mongols are scourge of God

3. RISE OF MOSCOW

a. Moscow first mentioned in chronicles in 1147
b. Rulers of Moscow

1. Daniel (1282/3- 1303)

a. Devoted efforts to strengthening principality
b. Spread control along Moscow river

2. Yuri (son, 1303- 1325)

a. Struggled with Tver for leadership
b. First Moscow prince to be Grand Prince:

1. Appointed by Mongols

3. Ivan I Kalita (John the Moneybag, 1328-1341)

a. Gathered tribute for Khan
b. Used revenue to buy land
c. Moscow became religious capital

1 . 1326, Metropolitan Peter dies in Moscow. Grave becomes shrine
2. 1328, Peter's successor settles in Moscow

4. Dmitry Donskoy (of the Don, 1359- 89)

a. Defeated Mongols in battle in 1380
b. Protector of Russia
c. Fought Mongols for title of Grand Prince
d. Mongols allied with Lithuanians

1. Dmitry attacked first
2. Battle of Kulikovo field

e. 1382, Mongols sack Moscow

5. Vasily I (1389- 1425)

a. Enlarged principality

6. Vasily II (1425- 62)

a. Mongol princes pay him tribute
b. Council of Florence, 1439
c. Constantinople falls, 1453
d. Xenophobia, Self-lmportance

7. Ivan III (the Great, 1462- 1505)

a. Absorbed Novgorod, 1478
b. Declares end of Mongol yoke, 1480
c. Sole ruler of Russia
d. Married Byzantine Princess Zoe

1. Adopts the Two-Headed Eagle as Symbol of Russia

e. Developed ties with Western Europe

4. REASONS FOR MOSCOW'S SUCCESS

a. Geography

1. Moscow lay at crossing of three roads
2. Four major rivers: Oka, Volga, Don, Dnieper
3. Central location

b. Economy

1. Developed agriculture
2. Trade
3. Commission to collect tribute
4. Maintained peace and security

c. Rulers

1. Improved principality
2. Rule passed from father to son
3. Increased territory: buying, seizing, inheriting
4. Foreign policy

d. Church