HISTORY 3348: THE CRUSADES
TEACHER
John Howe
Office: 143 Holden Hall
Office Hours: MWF 8:15-9:30 am, TuTh 8:15-8:45 am, M 9:30-10:00
pm, and by appointment
Telephone: 742-2573, Telephone Messages: 742-3744
E-Mail: John.Howe@ttu.edu
Web: http://www2.tltc.ttu.edu/howe/
PURPOSES OF THE COURSE
To acquire a general knowledge of the crusading movement in Western Europe, including its ideology, organization, military strategies, and leadership. To situate the crusades in the larger economic, cultural, and religious context of the Mediterranean world. To use the crusades as a case study for analysis of the problems posed by "holy war," imperialism, colonization, and the formation of European consciousness. To introduce the process by which historians reconstruct historical events from conflicting primary sources.
COURSE REQUIREMENTS
Required Texts
Francesco Gabrieli. Arab Historians of the Crusade.
Joinville & Villehardouin. Chronicles of the Crusades.
Jonathan Riley-Smith, ed. Oxford Illustrated History of the
Crusades.
Steven Runciman, The First Crusade. Abridged edition.
Internet
Medieval Sourcebook (IMS):
Copies: Students also must purchase a collection of
photocopied documents and excerpts from writings of crusade
historians, which is available at Copytech, 162 West Hall,
telephone 742-2321.
Required Reading
Specific reading assignments for each class are listed in the
"Reading and Lecture Schedule," just ahead of the
lecture date by which they should be completed. Each assignment
concerns the subject of the following class meeting. Read so that
you arrive in class prepared to explain, praise, criticize, and
question. The assignments are manageable if read on schedule, but
quickly become overwhelming if neglected. Successful completion
of this course requires regular attendance. In the classroom
difficult reading assignments are interpreted and contextualized;
additional subject matter is introduced. If you cannot attend 80%
or more of the scheduled classes, you should not be enrolled.
Examinations
Midterm tests are scheduled for Friday, October 2, and
Friday, November 6. Each will include multiple-choice questions,
identifications, a single essay (to be selected from two or more
choices), and perhaps map work. If, for good reason, a test is
missed, a make-up test may be taken at 2:00 pm on Dec 7. Students
receiving a grade below "C" on a midterm should meet
with the teacher to discuss it (this will be part of class
participation). The final examination will feature
multiple-choice and identification questions on the material
covered since the second midterm, and several essay questions (to
be chosen out of six or more alternative questions) covering the
material of the entire course. Bring blue books for the final.
Source Problems
Course assignments include two crusade source
problems, cases where the primary written evidence is
contradictory. Students will attempt to reconstruct what
happened, presenting their findings in papers no longer than five
typed, double-spaced pages. Since the evidence provided for these
case studies will not yield any single, uncontrovertable
"right answer," the papers will present arguements for
the "most probable" scenario. Grades will be based on
logic, analysis, persuasiveness, and comprehensive use of the
sources. Be careful not to violate the History Department and
University guidelines on plagiarism ("offering the work of
another as ones own, without proper acknowledgement"). Late
papers will be assessed a one grade penalty; no papers will be
accepted later than two class periods after the due date (that
is, after the corrected on-time papers have been returned).
GRADING
The course grade will be computed as follows: 30% from the midterm tests (that is, 15% from each); 30% from the papers (15% from each); 10% from class participation; and 30% from the final. The class participation grade is computed in this way. At the end of the semester students are divided into three groups on the basis of attendance, class preparation, and class contributions: 1) individuals who were outstanding; 2) individuals who were generally average; and 3) individuals who were well below average. In computing the course grade, the first group gets the class participation component credited as an `A'; the second has these points neutralized (so they neither help nor hurt); and the third has them credited as an `F'.
NECESSARY ACCOMODATIONS
Any student who, because of a disabling condition, may require some special arrangements in order to meet course requirements should contact the instructor as soon as possible so that the necessary accomodations can be made.
READING AND LECTURE SCHEDULE
M Aug 31 Introduction
Copies 5-8 (Maps);
W Sept 1 Geography
Copies 12-26 (Wilkerson, Piacenza Pilgrim, Date Chart, Map); Runciman 13-22
F Sept 3 Early Medieval Pilgrimage
[M Sept 7 Labor Day. University Holiday]
W Sept 9 The Latin West at 1000 AD
Runciman 23-34; Copies 27-31 (Jenkins); Liutprand of Cremona
F Sept 11 The Greek East at 1000 AD
Runciman 1-12, 25-30; Copies 32-41 (Sachedina); Mohammad's "Last Sermon" and the "Pact of Omar"
M Sept 14 Islam at 1000 AD
Leo IV, John VIII, and Gregory VII; Runciman 13-40. Start Source Problem #1 by reading and itemizing materials in Copies 44-67; Riley-Smith 1; and Runciman 41-43.
W Sept 16 Holy War
[W Sept 16 Last Day to Drop a Course and Receive a Refund]
Copies 42-43 (Maps); Riley-Smith 13-33. Write Source Problem #1.
F Sept 18 Church Reform and the Call to Crusade
Runciman 41-51. Finish Source Problem #1.
M Sept 21 The Response to the Call
Runciman 52-68; Copies 68-76 (Solomon bar Simson)
W Sept 23 The People's Crusades
Runciman 69-93; Copies 77-80 (Anna Comnena)
F Sept 25 The Crusaders at Constantinople
Runciman 94-144; Gabrieli xxvii-xxviii, 3-9
M Sept 28 The March to Antioch
Runciman 145-92; Gabrieli 10-12; Fulcher of Chartres
W Sept 30 The Capture of Jerusalem
Study
F Oct 2 Midterm Test #1
Copies 81-82 (Maps); Riley-Smith 34-111
M Oct 5 "Crusader Culture" Organized and Institutionalized
Riley-Smith 112-23; Copies 83-90 (Riley-Smith)
W Oct 7 Organizing the Crusader States
Copies 91-108 (Hamilton, 2 studies)
F Oct 9 Organizing the Latin Church in the Near East
Copies 109-14 (Hamilton); Riley-Smith 161-83
M Oct 12 Crusader Architecture
[M Oct 12 Last Day to Declare "P/F" or to Withdraw with a "W"]
Riley-Smith 141-59
W Oct 14 Crusader Art
Riley-Smith 184-211; Copies 115-21 (Partner); Bernard
F Oct 16 The Military Orders
Copies 122-38 (Hamilton)
M Oct 19 Crusader Women
Copies 139-71 (Holmes); Gabrieli xxviii-ix,73-84; Riley-Smith 233-34
W Oct 21 Daily Life in the Crusader States
Riley-Smith 217-31; Gabrieli xxvi and 36-55. Start Source Problem #2 by reading and itemizing materials in Copies 172-86; Gabrieli 56-63.
F Oct 23 Islam Strikes Back
Copies 187-93 (Mayer); Riley-Smith 123; Eugenius III. Write.
M Oct 26 The Second Crusade
Finish Source Problem No. 2
W Oct 28 Why the Second Crusade Failed
Copies 194 (William of Tyre); Riley-Smith 231-33; Gabrieli 64-72, 87-113
F Oct 30 The Kingdom of Jerusalem at Risk
Gabrieli 114-46, 160-73; Riley-Smith 233-36;
M Nov 2 The Battle of Hattin and the Fall of Jerusalem
Mayer 137-51; Copies 195-214 (Mayer, Ambrose, Map); Gabrieli 200-07, 222-37
W Nov 4 The Third Crusade
Study
F Nov 6 Midterm No. 2
Copies 215-21 (Strayer, Nickel, Maps, Russell); Riley-Smith 242-46
M Nov 9 Spanish and Baltic Crusades
Copies 222-27 (Roger of Wendover)
W Nov 11 Albigensian Crusades
Copies 239-47 (Queller); Villehardouin 1-57; Nicetas Choniates
F Nov 13 The Launching of the Fourth Crusade
Villehardouin 57-107
M Nov 16 The Latin Empire of Constantinople
Innocent III; Riley-Smith 236-38
W Nov 18 Who Controls Crusades? Pope vs. Kings/Emperors
Copies 228-38 (Riley-Smith)
F Nov 20 Crusader Feudalism
Joinville 161-264
M Nov 23 Louis IX and the Sixth Crusade
Joinville 265-88; Riley-Smith 238-39; Copies 248-50 (Maps, John of Plano Carpini); Mongols
[W-S Nov 25-28 Thanksgiving Holiday]
M Nov 30 The Mongols
Joinville 345-353; Copies 251-70 (Runciman); Gabrieli 326-33, 341-50; Riley-Smith 239-42
W Dec 2 The Fall of the Mainland Crusader States
Gabrieli 305-12; Riley-Smith 211-16
F Dec 4 The End and Its Consequences
Riley-Smith 246-93
M Dec 7 The Later Crusades
[M Dec 7 Make-Up Midterm Exams at 2:00]
Copies 271-77 (Runciman); Riley-Smith 1-12, 294-364, 387-92
W Dec 9 The Later Crusades / Summing Up
Study
Tu Dec 15 FINAL EXAM (at 7:30 am).